International Journal of School Health
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

This study focused on the direct and indirect effect (via sleep duration) of computer use on psychological and somatic symptoms among boys and girls (N = 6112) in 3 different age cohorts (11, 13, and 15-years old) from the 2013/2014 health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study done in Sweden. Structural equation modeling (with SPSS AMOS 22) was used (specifying separate multigroup models for each age group). The mediating effect of sleep duration was tested for significance using a Bootstrap estimation. Across the age groups, the direct effect of computer use was found to be a significant risk factor for psychological and somatic symptoms among both girls and boys (all the P values

Platelet indices (PIs), including platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet larger cell ratio (P-LCR) are used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with various medical conditions. The current study aimed at evaluating the correlation between serum iron saturation (IS) and PIs among the female students living in the Northwest of Iran.
The current cross sectional study included 254 high school female (HSF) students aged 15 to 18 years in Hamadan, Iran, from September to January 2016. After completion of a questionnaire, the hematological parameters were determined using standard methods. HSF afflicted with infections and acute hemorrhage, and the ones with malignancies and inflammatory diseases were excluded. The correlation between the serum levels of IS and PIs in the female residents of Northwest of Iran was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test.
The reference range of PIs in healthy HSF in the Northwest of Iran was as follows: PC 241 ± 53 109/L, MPV 9.67 ± 0.88 fL, PDW 11.904% ± 1.68%, and P-LCR 22.908 ± 6.69 fL. Decreased IS and MPV resulted in increased PC in the current study population. An inverse correlation was observed between PC and IS (P 0.05), but a linear correlation was observed between PDW and MPV (P The current study data indicated IS as one of the most important factors affecting PC. PIs can serve as a clue to the severity of iron deficiency in HSF. It is recommended to conduct complementary studies to identify prognostic and diagnostic utilities of PIs in clinical practices.

According to the observations, antisocial behaviors are among major behaviors among male and female students. People with antisocial behaviors suffer from problems with respect to the quality of life.
The present study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting styles, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence with antisocial behaviors in students.
The population included all students in Shiraz, Iran in the academic year of 2016. The sample was comprised of 148 students (74 male and 74 female) who were selected randomly through multi-stage sampling method. The instruments used in the study were parenting style questionnaire, self-compassionate scale (SCS), trait meta mood scale (TMMS), and Levenson antisocial behavior scale. Extracted data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression statistics in SPSS version 21.
Authoritarian parenting style (t = 2.08, B = 0.17, P =0.03), permissive parenting style (t = 2.16, B = 0.16, P= 0.01), self-compassion (t = -4.08, B = -0.31, P= 0.00), and emotional intelligence (t = -2.93, B = -0.28, P = 0.01) are predictors of antisocial behaviors. According to multiple regression analysis, authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence were significant predictors of antisocial behavior. Moreover, authoritative parenting style was not included in the analysis.
Authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence should be highly regarded as they highly predict antisocial behavior.

The speed and magnitude of physical, mental, social, and emotional changes during adolescence result in stress. Improper coping strategies toward stress have a negative impact on the mental health of adolescents that may continue to their adulthood.
The present study aimed at investigating puberty coping strategies, puberty knowledge, and attitude of early and late adolescent females living in Karaj, Iran.
This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 513 female high school students using the multi-stage random sampling method. The Persian form of Endler and Parker coping inventory for stressful situations, the scale for the assessment of knowledge and attitudes of adolescent females towards puberty, and socio-demographic questionnaire were used to gather data. The SPSS v21 and Chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman were used to analyze data at a significance level of 0.05.
The average age of participants was 15.40 (± 1.52). Results showed that avoidance was the dominant puberty coping strategy and the least frequent was related to the problem-focused strategy. A significant difference was observed between the frequency of coping strategies (P = 0.001), knowledge status (P ≤ 0.001) and attitude (P = 0.005) towards puberty, and source of information for puberty (P ≤ 0.001) was shown between two age groups of 15 years and under and above 15.
The findings of this study showed the significance of educating teen females about physical and psychological changes during puberty. It seems that health educators and health practitioners could help young females cope with puberty through training proper coping strategies. Parents should also be educated to be supportive and should be able to consider puberty as a stressful situation and help adolescents with proper coping.

The incidence of childhood back pain is well established. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between adolescent back pain and characteristics of load carrying, and behaviors such as locker and online textbook use.
Data was collected from adolescents at three different schools. Students and their backpacks were weighed to determine backpack weight relative to body weight (RBW). Students completed a written survey designed by the authors; the survey gathered details of backpack wear and usage including carry time, activity level, locker use, and potentially associated back pain.
A majority (66.7%) of students (N = 78) reported back pain. Discriminant function analysis revealed RBW does not predict reported frequency of back pain (P = 0.96), nor did the percent of online textbooks (P = 0.23). However, a crosstab analysis showed that adolescents who carried a loaded backpack more frequently between classes reported greater frequency of back pain (P = 0.001).
Back pain is a noted complaint amongst adolescents. The results of this study challenge the literature highlighting RBW as responsible for back pain in adolescents and asserts, instead, that longer wear time attributed to infrequent locker use for storage is responsible for back pain in this middle school sample of adolescents. Students should be encouraged to use lockers between classes to decrease carrying time of loaded backpacks.

Modern technologies play a main role in the life of citizens specifically their legalism in the new era. In Iran, the rules on the use of modern communication technologies are not clear. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of modern communication technologies and legalism among female students in Yazd.
The present study was conducted by the survey technique. The tool used in this study was researcher-made questionnaire which examined the use of internet, computer software, cellphone, and social media as modern technologies and legalism with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. The statistical population included female students in Yazd. By using Chochran sampling method, 365 samples were obtained and the research samples were chosen using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS V22 software and statistical T tests. It was considered significantly at the level of P The research findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the use of modern communication technologies and legalism in terms of all aspects (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) (P Based on these findings, the use of cellphone and social media determines legalism of female students. Therefore, policy makers should put an emphasis on the legislation about using these two main information technologies for the young generation. In addition, families, the media, and schools should promote the socialization of students about the use of cellphone and social media as a strategic approach.

Concerns about emerging and re-emerging diseases in migrants and refugees have been raised due to high influx in European Union/European economic area in the past couple of years. In spite of the common perception of an association between migration and importation of infectious diseases, the World Health Organization stated that there is no systematic association. In this communication, the authors pronounce that the most important health issue facing child migrants and refugees is increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, and not the importation of infectious diseases. This vulnerability is a result of conditions under the refugees move and live when they arrive at their host countries, such as poor living conditions, overcrowding, suboptimal hygiene, malnutrition, and limited access to vaccination and health services. A health-related issue that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage is termed health disparity. Health disparities negatively effect refugees, who have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles in health. It is important for migrant and refugee children to benefit from the same level of protection as indigenous populations with regards to infectious diseases. Equitable access to vaccination is of prime importance and health professionals, should approach children and adolescents, who are refugees or migrants, not only with the aim of providing access to effective treatments, yet, they should also take into consideration cultural and social aspects and aim to build strategies for better living conditions, screening, and vaccination.